Frame walls made of logs.
Structural elements of a log frame building: a), b) front and side view, c) axonometria, d) construction detail; 1 - plinth, 2 - plaster, 3 - strip, 4 - formwork, 5 — papa (anti-moisture insulation), 6 - ceiling beam, 7 - sub floor, 8 - floor, 9 - mata listwowa, 10 - post.
The figure shows a different type of savings housing, in which, instead of mullion-transom skeleton walls made of square timber with large cross-sections, timber skeleton walls with cross-sections from 5 x 10 cm do 5×25 cm or from 6,3 x 10 cm do 6,3×25 cm. The stiffness of the skeleton to the action of horizontal forces is ensured by sheathing of boards or boards made of wood-based materials. Sheathing boards are nailed to the posts diagonally (at an angle of 45 °) or horizontally.
Wall frame columns are spaced every 40-50 cm on a foundation made of three logs with a cross-section, e.g.. 5x 16 cm. Corner posts are made of three or four logs, while the intermediate poles are made of one log. The cross-section of the columns is 6,3 x 16,0 cm. If the building is two-story, two caps rest on the poles; one under the belch ceiling above the ground floor, and the other under the roof trusses. In the case of two-storey buildings, it is necessary to provide intermediate log columns with a length equal to the height of two storeys, i.e.. without connecting them along their length.
The tack under the ceiling joists above the ground floor is made of one log in a standing position with a cross-section 5 x 20 cm, while under the roof trusses of two logs with a cross-section of 5×16 cm lying down. Single logs with a section of 5 are used on the rafters×16 cm.
Carpentry joints are hardly ever used in frame structures made of logs. All elements are connected with nails, screws and short boards.
Log ceiling beams with a cross-section of 5×25 cm are stiffened horizontally by cross-section battens 3,8 x 6,3 cm or 4,5 x 5,0 cm, so that they do not twist.