The stages of making a diaphragm wall segment are shown in the drawing.
Stages of making a diaphragm wall segment: a), b), c) - stages of execution; 1 - pipe closing the slot, 2 - reinforcement skeleton, 3 - concrete mix.
Using bored and concreted piles at the construction site, a pile wall can be made (palisadę). These walls can be made in these places, where reinforced concrete diaphragm walls are used. The figure below shows a concrete pile wall at the destination, the tightness of which is ensured by mutual vertical engagement of the piles.
Stages of making a wall from adjacent concrete piles: a) order of execution, b) horizontal section of the pile wall; 1 - pile made, 2 - scoop, 3 - feed pipe, 4 - suspension.
The construction of the underground part of the building and the removal of soil from the excavation may be performed in one of the following ways:
a) through the use of wall bracing with braces or ground anchors and the complete selection of the soil for the designed trench bottom, and then, in an open excavation, construction of the underground part of the building,
b) by using the "ceiling method", which consists in spreading the walls of the excavation with ceilings made from top to bottom during soil extraction.
In the ceiling method, the underground part of the building is usually made, usually starting with concreting the first upper ceiling (e.g.. at ground level), which will spread the walls of the excavation while excavating the ground of the underground level from under it.
After the second ceiling of the underground storeys is completed, the second strut of the excavation walls is obtained and then you can proceed to the construction of the next underground storeys.
Stages of making the underground part of the building in diaphragm walls: 1 - diaphragm wall, 2 - floor slabs, 3 - wreath (cap) on diaphragm walls
In the ceilings being made, "technological" holes should be left, which will enable vertical transport of soil, people, construction equipment and building materials.
The final stage in the ceiling method is the removal of soil from the excavation and the construction of the foundation slab.
The columns inside the trench supporting the ceilings rest on foundations made of drilled piles concreted on site or on diaphragm walls.